LAD #36 The Truman Doctrine

The Truman Doctrine was an address of the foreign policy and the national security of the United States, and also Turkey and Greece. The United States received an urgent appeal from Greece for economic and financial assistance, if they did not receive aid it seemed as though they would not survive as an independent nation. Greece was never a wealthy country and it lacked many natural resources, and it has “suffered invasion, four years of cruel enemy occupation, and bitter internal strife”; it was reported that the “Germans had destroyed virtually all the railways, roads, port facilities, communications, and merchant marine. More than a thousand villages had been burned. Eighty-five per cent of the children were tubercular. Livestock, poultry, and draft animals had almost disappeared. Inflation had wiped out practically all savings.” Tragic conditions, a militant minority and human exploitation have made economic recovery seem impossible. The Greeks were asking for help to resume purchases of the bare essentials that were unavailable at the time. The Greeks also asked the United States for political aid “the assistance of experienced American administrators, economists and technicians to insure that the financial and other aid given to Greece shall be used effectively in creating a stable and self-sustaining economy and in improving its public administration”. Truman tells the joint session of Congress that the aid the United States has already provided for Greece is inadequate and that the United States, as a self governing democracy, must do more for Greece. The British had been helping them previously but they can no longer offer economic support after March 31st.

LAD #35 EXECUTIVE ORDER NO. 9066

This was an order put into use by the president during World War II which allowed Japanese Americans to be placed in relocation camps. He gave power to the FBI and all other federal agencies to do this and was very determined to have this done effectively. This put nearly 120,000 Japanese Americans into these internment camps. Although this order was mainly targeted at Japanese Americans, it also had an effect on German Americans and Italian Americans. This act showed the hatred towards the enemies in war and how strong the resentment was towards these countries and their actions.

FDR's Declaration of War LAD 34/36?

Despite being allies in World War One, the treaty of Versailles as well as several events and aspects of America in the 1920's including an isolationist policy, and certain aspects of the depression left Japan with a distaste for America. Japan began its policy of imperialism in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, beginning to claim several pacific islands for raw materials and military bases. in the Early 30's they took Manchuria, with only a slap on the wrist from the league of nations. Eventually, Japan attacked a neutral America in a surprise bombing of the US pacific fleet at the naval base in Pearl Harbor, HI on December 7, 1941- "a day that will live in infamy". Immediately, the next day, Roosevelt called congress into session to declare war on Japan and it's allies. FDR explains in his message the deliberate and deceptive relations between the US and Japan, whom recently stated that they wish to remain at peace. He assures the American people that America will not only defend itself, but will ensure that there is no such attack again, and will claim victory over its foes in the pacific.

LAD 32

The Kellogg-Braind Peace Pact was a treaty that was negotiated partially by the Secretary of State Kellogg and ratified president Herbert Hoover. It was a peace agreement between the US and several other nations including Australia, Canada, Czechoslovakia, Germany, Britain, India, Ireland, Italy, New Zealand, South Africa, Poland, Belgium, and Japan. Many countries were involved because it was intended to be a world-wide treaty. It was declared to be open until other nations signed it making it globally comprehensive. Basically, the Kellogg-Briand Peace Pact made nations promise that they wouldn't use war as an instrument of their foreign policy, that solutions could be reached peacefully and that war was not the way to pursue national interest. By creating such a pact they hoped to avoid another war, still trying to recover from The Great War's destruction. The treaty was said to "promote the welfare of mankind" through "peaceful and friendly relations." While a rather pathetic crack at world peace, at least they tried..

LAD #31

The fourteen points was a speech delivered by Presient Woodrow Wilson in 1918 after the Great War. Wilson’s Fourteen Points calls for peace and an international policy of openness. It was also intended to assure the country that the Great War was being fought for a moral cause and for postwar peace in Europe. The Fourteen Points are as followed: 1. Calls for public diplomacy, Freedom of navigation of the seas, Equality of trade conditions,No farther build up of armies, Adjustment of all colonial claims, Evacuation of all Russian territories, Restore Belgium, Sovereignty for all French territories, Readjustment of the frontiers of Italy, Autonomous development for the peoples of Austria-Hungary, Evacuation of Rumania, Serbia, and Montenegro, Dardanelles should be permanently opened as a free passage to the ships and commerce of all nations, Erection of a sovereign polish state, A general association of nations must be formed under specific covenants for the purpose of affording mutual guarantees of political independence and territorial integrity

LAD 30

Charles Schneck was the Secretary of the Socialist Party of America and he was passing out papers and mailing papers that were agaisnt the draft and discouraged the war. These had phrases like "dont give in to intimidation" written on them and the government was unfuriated because he was discouraging the war. The government then arrested him and said that his actions violated the Espionage Act of 1917 and he sued. He then lost and appealed his way to the supreme court. Schneck then lost the case because although the first ammendment gaurenteed freedom of speach, the Supreme court ruled that during a time of war certain things were intolerable and if they caused direct danger to people then it was a criminal act. The "clear and present danger" that was depicted of Schnek's crime was what put Schneck in jail and set a precedent for other people protesting the war openly. It also did create a warning flag in society for socialism because the socialist party was growing very rapidly.

Lad 29

The world today is in a very serious situation. Two places that are in particular trouble are Turkey and Greece. In the case of the later, it can not survive without our aid. I believe that the American people wish to help Greece, as the war completely devastated that country and it has been unable to rebuild because of a militant minority. Greece can not deal with this problem itself and needs our help. The government is not perfect but none is. Another country that needs our help is Turkey, although it did not suffer the destruction of war. The United States needs to help Turkey and support our way of life. We are helped in this role by the United Nations. America has complained to the United Nations in order to support several oppressed countries that were not given a choice of how to live. We must support these countries or they will collapse. Therefore, I am asking Congress to assistance to Greece and Turkey in the amount of $400,000,000. We have invested much in a better world, and this small amount is absolutely necessary to protect our investment. We have been great responsiblities and if we falter in our leadership, the world will suffer.